Affiliate Email Marketing: How to Drive Commissions with Email Outreach
.webp)
Heading
TL;DR: Email affiliate marketing combines two proven revenue channels: affiliate partnerships and targeted email outreach. Affiliates who use email as their primary promotion channel earn 66% higher commissions than those relying on social media alone, according to Influencer Marketing Hub's 2026 data.
This guide covers both sides of affiliate email marketing: running an affiliate program and promoting affiliate offers through email. Smartlead gives affiliate marketers and SaaS companies the infrastructure to send personalized affiliate outreach at scale with unlimited contact storage, free verified prospects through SmartProspect, unlimited warmup, inbox rotation, and dedicated sending servers.
Affiliate email marketing sits at the intersection of two things that work extremely well on their own: email outreach and affiliate partnerships.
On one side, you have companies running affiliate programs who need to recruit partners, keep them engaged, and help them sell. On the other side, you have affiliates using email to promote products and earn commissions.
Both sides need the same thing, which is the ability to send targeted, personalized emails at scale without destroying their sender reputation in the process.
Statista's 2025 data puts global affiliate marketing spending at $15.7 billion, up from $13 billion in 2023. Email remains the highest-converting channel for affiliate promotions, outperforming social media, paid ads, and organic search for driving actual purchases. That is not an opinion. That is attribution data across thousands of affiliate programs.
This guide covers both angles of email affiliate marketing. Whether you are building an affiliate program and need to recruit partners, or you are an affiliate looking to promote offers through email sequences, the strategies and templates here will get you results.
What Is Affiliate Email Marketing and Why Does It Convert Better Than Other Channels?
Affiliate email marketing is the practice of using email to either promote affiliate products to potential buyers or recruit and manage affiliate partners for your own program.
The reason email outperforms other affiliate channels comes down to one thing, which is intent. Someone who opens an email is already engaged. They chose to read it. Compare that to a social media post competing with 300 other items in a feed, or a paid ad that interrupts someone mid-scroll.
Influencer Marketing Hub's 2026 Affiliate Marketing Report shows these conversion rates by channel:
| Channel | Average Affiliate Conversion Rate |
|---|---|
| Email marketing | 3.2% |
| Organic search (blog/SEO) | 2.1% |
| Social media (organic) | 0.9% |
| Paid social | 1.4% |
| YouTube/video | 1.7% |
Email converts at 3.2%, which is 3.5x higher than organic social media. The gap widens further when you factor in that email has near-zero distribution cost after your infrastructure is set up.
The catch? Affiliate email marketing only works when your emails actually reach inboxes. Poor deliverability kills affiliate campaigns faster than bad copy does. This is where most affiliates struggle and where proper sending infrastructure matters.
How Do You Build an Affiliate Recruitment Email Campaign?
If you run a SaaS product or e-commerce business, recruiting affiliates through cold outreach is one of the highest-ROI activities you can do. One strong affiliate partner can drive hundreds of customers per year.
Here is how to structure your affiliate recruitment campaign:
Step 1: Build your prospect list
Identify potential affiliates by looking for:
- Bloggers and content creators in your niche who review similar products
- YouTube creators covering topics related to your product
- Newsletter operators with audiences that match your ideal customer profile
- Existing customers who already love your product (your best affiliates are usually existing users)
- Competitors' affiliates who might be open to promoting an alternative
Use SmartProspect to find verified contact information for potential affiliate partners. Verified emails mean lower bounce rates and better deliverability from day one.
Step 2: Write your recruitment sequence
A 3–4 email sequence works best for affiliate recruitment:
- Email 1 (Day 0): Introduce your program with a specific reason as to why your audience is a fit. Lead with the commission structure and any exclusive benefits.
- Email 2 (Day 4): Share a specific case study or data point showing what current affiliates earn. Social proof converts fence-sitters.
- Email 3 (Day 9): Address common objections (setup complexity, payout timing, content support) and offer to hop on a quick call.
- Email 4 (Day 15): Final touch. Share a resource that their audience would find valuable, regardless of whether they join your program.
Step 3: Automate and scale
Connect your mailboxes to Smartlead, set up unlimited warmup, configure your sequence, and let the platform handle timing and follow-ups. Monitor replies through the Unified Master Inbox so you never miss an interested affiliate.
One G2 reviewer shared their results:
"We recruited 47 affiliates in 60 days using a 4-step sequence on Smartlead. Our affiliate channel now drives 22% of new signups."
What Affiliate Recruitment Email Templates Actually Get Responses?
Templates are starting points, not finished products. Personalize every one of these before sending.
Template 1: The Direct Pitch
Subject: Quick question about [their blog/channel name]
Hi [First Name],
I have been following [their blog/channel] for a while. Your [specific piece of content] on [topic] was genuinely useful. Your audience clearly trusts your recommendations.
We run [Your Product], a [one-line description]. We just opened our affiliate program, and I think your audience would be a natural fit.
The details:
- [X]% recurring commission on every referral
- 90-day cookie window
- Dedicated affiliate dashboard with real-time tracking
- Custom landing pages and promotional assets provided
Would you be open to a 10-minute call this week to see if it is a fit?
[Your Name]
Template 2: The Competitor Switch
Subject: Earning more from [competitor product] recommendations?
Hi [First Name],
I noticed you recommend [competitor product] in several of your articles. Solid product, but I wanted to share an alternative that might earn you more.
[Your Product] offers [X]% commission vs [competitor]'s [Y]%. We also provide [specific advantage: recurring commission, longer cookie window, dedicated support].
A few of our affiliates who switched from [competitor]'s program are earning [specific number or percentage] more per month. Happy to share the details if you are interested.
[Your Name]
Template 3: The Customer-to-Affiliate
Subject: You have been using [Product] for [X months]. Want to earn from it?
Hi [First Name],
You have been a [Product] user since [month/year], and your results have been solid: [specific metric if available].
We just launched an affiliate program and thought of you immediately. You already know the product, your audience trusts you, and the commission structure is generous: [X]% recurring on every referral.
Interested? I can get you set up in under 5 minutes.
[Your Name]
Recruit affiliates at scale with Smartlead. Build automated sequences, warm up your mailboxes, and manage every reply in one inbox. Unlimited mailboxes. Dedicated infrastructure.
Start freeHow Do Affiliates Use Email to Promote Offers and Earn Commissions?
If you are on the affiliate side, email is your most valuable distribution channel. Here is the strategic framework:
Build a list before you promote anything
The biggest mistake new affiliates make is trying to send affiliate emails to cold leads. Build an email list first through lead magnets, content upgrades, or newsletter signups. A list of 1,000 engaged subscribers is worth more than 50,000 cold contacts for affiliate promotions.
Segment your list by interest and behavior
Not every subscriber cares about every product you promote. Segment by:
- Topic interest (what content they signed up for)
- Engagement level (active openers vs dormant subscribers)
- Purchase history (if they have bought through your previous recommendations)
- Stage (new subscribers vs long-time readers)
Statista's 2025 data shows that segmented affiliate email campaigns generate 47% more revenue per send than unsegmented broadcasts.
Use a value-first sequence, not a pitch-first sequence
The structure that works:
- Email 1: Pure value. Teach something useful related to the problem the affiliate product solves. No pitch.
- Email 2: Share your personal experience or a case study using the product. Soft mention with affiliate link.
- Email 3: Direct recommendation with specific results and a clear call to action. Affiliate link prominent.
- Email 4: Address common objections or questions about the product. Include a time-sensitive incentive if available.
Track everything
Use UTM parameters on all affiliate links so you can see which emails, subject lines, and segments drive the most conversions.
What Compliance Rules Apply to Affiliate Email Marketing?
Compliance is where most affiliate email campaigns get into trouble. Get this wrong, and you risk your sender reputation, your affiliate partnerships, and potentially legal action.
CAN-SPAM requirements for affiliate emails (US):
- Clearly identify the email as an advertisement if it is primarily promotional
- Include your physical mailing address
- Provide a working unsubscribe mechanism
- Honor opt-out requests within 10 business days
- Do not use deceptive subject lines or sender information
FTC disclosure requirements:
- Disclose your affiliate relationship clearly and conspicuously
- The disclosure must be near the affiliate link, not buried in a footer
- Use plain language: "I earn a commission if you purchase through this link" or "Affiliate link" is sufficient
- This applies to email, social media, blog posts, and all other channels
GDPR considerations for EU audiences:
- Consent-based: subscribers must have opted in to receive promotional emails
- Clear identification of the sender and purpose
- Easy unsubscribe process
- Data processing transparency
Platform-specific rules:
Most affiliate programs have their own email marketing policies. Common restrictions include:
- No sending affiliate links in unsolicited cold emails (some programs prohibit this entirely)
- No using the brand name in your sender address or email domain
- No making claims about the product that are not approved by the program
- No purchasing email lists to send affiliate promotions
Check your affiliate program's terms of service before sending any email campaign. Violating these terms gets you kicked out of the program, and you lose all pending commissions.
For a full compliance deep dive, see our cold email deliverability guide, which covers CAN-SPAM and GDPR in detail.
How Do You Maintain Deliverability When Sending Affiliate Emails at Scale?
Affiliate emails face extra scrutiny from inbox providers. Links to third-party products, promotional language, and discount offers all increase the likelihood of landing in promotions or spam tabs.
Here is how to maintain strong deliverability:
Infrastructure basics:
- Use dedicated outreach domains for affiliate recruitment (never your primary domain)
- Warm up every mailbox for 2–3 weeks before sending. Smartlead's unlimited warmup handles this automatically.
- Configure SPF, DKIM, and DMARC on all sending domains (see our cold email checklist)
- Use a dedicated sending infrastructure so that other senders' behavior does not affect your reputation
Content best practices for affiliate emails:
- Keep the text-to-link ratio high. Do not load emails with 10 affiliate links. One or two per email is ideal.
- Avoid spam trigger words: "free," "limited time," "act now," "guaranteed results."
- Write emails that provide genuine value beyond the affiliate pitch
- Use plain text or minimal HTML. Heavy HTML templates with lots of images trigger promotional tab filtering.
- Personalize at scale using AI personalization to avoid sending identical content to thousands of recipients
List hygiene:
- Verify all email addresses before importing
- Remove bounced addresses immediately
- Clean inactive subscribers every 90 days
- Keep bounce rates under 2% per send
How Do You Measure Affiliate Email Marketing Performance?
Track these metrics to understand what is working and where to optimize:
| Metric | Benchmark | What It Tells You |
|---|---|---|
| Open rate | 35–50% | Subject line effectiveness and deliverability |
| Click-through rate (affiliate links) | 3–8% | Whether your content and pitch resonate |
| Conversion rate (clicks to purchases) | 2–5% | Product-market fit and landing page quality |
| Revenue per email sent | Varies by program | Overall campaign profitability |
| Unsubscribe rate | Under 0.5% | Whether you are over-sending or off-target |
| Commission per subscriber | Track monthly | Long-term list value |
Influencer Marketing Hub's 2026 data shows that top-performing affiliate email marketers earn $1.20–$2.50 per subscriber per month from a well-segmented, engaged list. That number drops to $0.15–$0.30 for unsegmented, infrequent senders.
The most important metric for long-term success is commission per subscriber per month. This tells you whether your list is growing in value, not just in size.
Smartlead's campaign analytics track open rates, click rates, and reply rates across all your mailboxes in real time. For affiliate recruitment campaigns specifically, monitor positive reply rate (how many prospects express interest) and conversion to active affiliate (how many actually join and start promoting).
What Is the Smartlead Affiliate Program and How Does It Work?
Smartlead runs its own affiliate partners program for anyone who wants to earn by recommending the platform. Here are the details:
- Recurring commissions on every referral for the lifetime of the customer
- Real-time dashboard tracking clicks, signups, and conversions
- Promotional assets, including landing pages, email templates, and comparison content
- Dedicated affiliate support for partners driving consistent volume
If you already use Smartlead for your outreach, you are the ideal affiliate. You know the product, you have results to share, and your audience trusts your recommendations. Check Smartlead pricing for the current plans and commission rates.
As one affiliate partner noted on G2:
"I recommend Smartlead because I use it myself. The affiliate program is a bonus. My audience signs up because they see my actual campaign results, not because I am pushing a product."
Ready to scale your affiliate email marketing? Smartlead gives you unlimited mailboxes, unlimited warmup, dedicated infrastructure, and SmartAgents for AI-assisted outreach. Whether you are recruiting affiliates or promoting offers, the outbound operating system handles the sending so you focus on relationships.
Start freeFrequently Asked Questions
What is affiliate email marketing?
Affiliate email marketing is the practice of using email to either promote affiliate products to subscribers and earn commissions, or recruit affiliate partners for your own product's program. It combines email outreach with affiliate partnerships. Email is the highest-converting channel for affiliate promotions, with an average conversion rate of 3.2% compared to 0.9% for organic social media, according to Influencer Marketing Hub's 2026 data.
Is it legal to send affiliate links in emails?
Yes, but with conditions. CAN-SPAM requires clear sender identification, a physical address, an unsubscribe option, and honest subject lines. The FTC requires you to disclose your affiliate relationship near the link. GDPR requires consent for promotional emails to EU recipients. Additionally, most affiliate programs have their own email policies. Some prohibit sending affiliate links in unsolicited cold emails. Always check your program's terms of service before building email campaigns around their product.
How do I recruit affiliates through email?
Build a prospect list of bloggers, content creators, newsletter operators, and existing customers who have audiences matching your ideal customer profile. Write a 3–4 step email sequence that leads with your commission structure, shares affiliate success stories, addresses common objections, and provides value regardless of whether they join. Use a platform like Smartlead to automate the sequence, warm up your mailboxes, and track responses through a unified inbox.
What commission structures work best for affiliate programs?
Recurring commissions (paid monthly for the lifetime of the customer) attract the most committed affiliates because they create predictable income. Typical SaaS affiliate commissions range from 20–30% recurring. One-time commissions (paid once per conversion) need to be higher, usually $50–$200 per sale, to attract quality partners. Hybrid models that offer a higher one-time bonus plus a smaller recurring percentage can work well for mid-ticket products.
How often should I email my affiliate list?
For affiliate promotions to your subscriber list, 2–4 emails per month is the sweet spot. More than that increases unsubscribe rates without proportionally increasing revenue. For affiliate recruitment campaigns, a 3–4 email sequence spread over 2–3 weeks with a follow-up every 6–8 weeks for non-responders works well. Segmented sends (targeting specific subscriber interests) can be sent more frequently because they are more relevant.
How do I avoid my affiliate emails going to spam?
Use dedicated sending domains with proper SPF, DKIM, and DMARC authentication. Warm up all mailboxes for 2–3 weeks before sending campaigns. Keep your text-to-link ratio high (do not overload emails with affiliate links). Avoid spam trigger words in subject lines. Clean your list regularly and keep bounce rates under 2%. Use Smartlead's dedicated infrastructure so your deliverability is isolated from other senders on the platform.
Can I use cold email for affiliate marketing?
Cold email works well for affiliate recruitment (reaching out to potential partners), but is risky for affiliate promotions (sending affiliate offers to people who did not subscribe). Most affiliate programs explicitly prohibit unsolicited promotional emails containing their affiliate links. For recruitment, cold outreach to potential partners is standard practice. For promotions, build an opt-in list first. The distinction matters for both legal compliance and maintaining your affiliate program membership.
Author’s Details

Wajahat Ali
Wajahat Ali is a Technical Content Writer at Smartlead, specializing in the B2B and SaaS sectors. With a talent for simplifying complex concepts, he crafts clear, engaging content that makes intricate topics accessible to both experts and newcomers. Wajahat’s expertise spans across copywriting, social media content, and lead generation, where he consistently delivers valuable, impactful content that resonates with a global audience. His ability to blend technical knowledge with compelling storytelling ensures that every piece of content drives both understanding and results, helping businesses connect with their target markets effectively.
Edited by:
Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Suspendisse varius enim in eros elementum tristique. Duis cursus, mi quis viverra ornare, eros dolor interdum nulla, ut commodo diam libero vitae erat. Aenean faucibus nibh et justo cursus id rutrum lorem imperdiet. Nunc ut sem vitae risus tristique posuere.
Subscribe to get all our latest blogs
Join us to elevate your outreach!
Related blogs
.avif)
Cold Email Personalization with AI: How to Use Variables to Get Replies

Cold Email Checklist: Everything You Need to Send Better Emails in 2025
Frequently asked questions
What is Smartlead's cold email outreach software?
Smartlead's cold email outreach tool helps businesses scale their outreach efforts seamlessly. With unlimited mailboxes, fully automated email warmup functionality, a multi-channel infrastructure, and a user-friendly unibox, it empowers users to manage their entire revenue cycle in one place. Whether you're looking to streamline cold email campaigns with automated email warmups, personalization fields, automated mailbox rotation, easy integrations, and spintax, improve productivity, or enhance scalability with subsequences based on lead’s intentions, automated replies, and full white-label experience, our cold email tool implifies it in a single solution.
What is Smartlead, and how can it enhance my cold email campaigns?
Smartlead is a robust cold emailing software designed to transform cold emails into reliable revenue streams. Trusted by over 31,000 businesses, Smartlead excels in email deliverability, lead generation, cold email automation, and sales outreach. A unified master inbox streamlines communication management, while built-in email verification reduces bounce rates.
Additionally, Smartlead offers essential tools such as CNAME, SPF Checker, DMARC Checker, Email Verifier, Blacklist Check Tool, and Email Bounce Rate Calculator for optimizing email performance.
How does Smartlead's unlimited mailboxes feature benefit me?
Our "unlimited mailboxes" feature allows you to expand your email communications without restrictions imposed by a mailbox limit. This means you won't be constrained by artificial caps on the number of mailboxes you can connect and use. This feature makes Smartlead the best cold email software and empowers you to reach a wider audience, engage with more potential customers, and manage diverse email campaigns effectively.
How does Smartlead, as a cold emailing tool, automate the cold email process?
Smartlead’s robust cold email API and automation infrastructure streamline outbound communication by transforming the campaign creation and management processes. It seamlessly integrates data across software systems using APIs and webhooks, adjusts settings, and leverages AI for personalised content.
The cold emailing tool categorises lead intent, offers comprehensive email management with automated notifications, and integrates smoothly with CRMs like Zapier, Make, N8N, HubSpot, Salesforce, and Pipedrive. Smartlead supports scalable outreach by rapidly adding mailboxes and drip-feeding leads into active campaigns Sign Up Now!
What do you mean by "unibox to handle your entire revenue cycle"?
The "unibox" is one of the unique features of Smartlead cold email outreach tool, and it's a game-changer when it comes to managing your revenue cycle. The master inbox or the unibox consolidates all your outreach channels, responses, sales follow-ups, and conversions into one centralized, user-friendly mailbox.
With the "unibox," you gain the ability to:
1. Focus on closing deals: You can now say goodbye to the hassle of logging into multiple mailboxes to search for replies. The "unibox" streamlines your sales communication, allowing you to focus on what matters most—closing deals.
2. Centralized lead management: All your leads are managed from one central location, simplifying lead tracking and response management. This ensures you take advantage of every opportunity and efficiently engage with your prospects.
3. Maintain context: The "unibox" provides a 360-degree view of all your customer messages, allowing you to maintain context and deliver more personalized and effective responses.
How does Smartlead ensure my emails don't land in the spam folder?
Smartlead, the best cold email marketing tool, ensures your emails reach the intended recipients' primary inbox rather than the spam folder.
Here's how it works:
1. Our "unlimited warmups" feature is designed to build and maintain a healthy sending reputation for your cold email outreach. Instead of sending a large volume of emails all at once, which can trigger spam filters, we gradually ramp up your sending volume. This gradual approach, combined with positive email interactions, helps boost your email deliverability rates.
2. We deploy high-deliverability IP servers specific to each campaign.
3. The ‘Warmup’ feature replicates humanized email sending patterns, spintax, and smart replies.
4. By establishing a positive sender reputation and gradually increasing the number of sent emails, Smartlead minimizes the risk of your emails being flagged as spam. This way, you can be confident that your messages will consistently land in the primary inbox, increasing the likelihood of engagement and successful communication with your recipients.
Can Smartlead help improve my email deliverability rates?
Yes, our cold emailing software is designed to significantly improve your email deliverability rates. It enhances email deliverability through AI-powered email warmups across providers, unique IP rotating for each campaign, and dynamic ESP matching.
Real-time AI learning refines strategies based on performance, optimizing deliverability without manual adjustments. Smartlead's advanced features and strategies are designed to improve email deliverability rates, making it a robust choice for enhancing cold email campaign success.
What features does Smartlead offer for cold email personalisation?
Smartlead enhances cold email personalisation through advanced AI-driven capabilities and strategic integrations. Partnered with Clay, The cold remaining software facilitates efficient lead list building, enrichment from over 50 data providers, and real-time scraping for precise targeting. Hyper-personalised cold emails crafted in Clay seamlessly integrate with Smartlead campaigns.
Moreover, Smartlead employs humanised, natural email interactions and smart replies to boost engagement and response rates. Additionally, the SmartAI Bot creates persona-specific, high-converting sales copy. Also you can create persona-specific, high-converting sales copy using SmartAI Bot. You can train the AI bot to achieve 100% categorisation accuracy, optimising engagement and conversion rates.
Can I integrate Smartlead with other tools I'm using?
Certainly, Smartlead cold email tool is designed for seamless integration with a wide range of tools and platforms. Smartlead offers integration with HubSpot, Salesforce, Pipedrive, Clay, Listkit, and more. You can leverage webhooks and APIs to integrate the tools you use. Try Now!
Is Smartlead suitable for both small businesses and large enterprises?
Smartlead accommodates both small businesses and large enterprises with flexible pricing and comprehensive features. The Basic Plan at $39/month suits small businesses and solopreneurs, offering 2000 active leads and 6000 monthly emails, alongside essential tools like unlimited email warm-up and detailed analytics.
Marketers and growing businesses benefit from the Pro Plan ($94/month), with 30000 active leads and 150000 monthly emails, plus a custom CRM and active support. Lead generation agencies and large enterprises can opt for the Custom Plan ($174/month), providing up to 12 million active lead credits and 60 million emails, with advanced CRM integration and customisation options.
What type of businesses sees the most success with Smartlead?
No, there are no limitations on the number of channels you can utilize with Smartlead. Our cold email tool offers a multi-channel infrastructure designed to be limitless, allowing you to reach potential customers through multiple avenues without constraints.
This flexibility empowers you to diversify your cold email outreach efforts, connect with your audience through various communication channels, and increase your chances of conversion. Whether email, social media, SMS, or other communication methods, Smartlead's multi-channel capabilities ensure you can choose the channels that best align with your outreach strategy and business goals. This way, you can engage with your prospects effectively and maximize the impact of your email outreach.
How can Smartlead integrate with my existing CRM and other tools?
Smartlead is the cold emailing tool that facilitates seamless integration with existing CRM systems and other tools through robust webhook and API infrastructure. This setup ensures real-time data synchronisation and automated processes without manual intervention. Integration platforms like Zapier, Make, and N8N enable effortless data exchange between Smartlead and various applications, supporting tasks such as lead information syncing and campaign status updates. Additionally, it offers native integrations with major CRM platforms like HubSpot, Salesforce, and Pipedrive, enhancing overall lead management capabilities and workflow efficiency. Try Now!
Do you provide me with lead sources?
No. Smartlead distinguishes itself from other cold email outreach software by focusing on limitless scalability and seamless integration. While many similar tools restrict your outreach capabilities, Smartlead offers a different approach.
Here's what makes us uniquely the best cold email software:
1. Unlimited Mailboxes: In contrast to platforms that limit mailbox usage, Smartlead provides unlimited mailboxes. This means you can expand your outreach without any arbitrary constraints.
2. Unique IP Servers: Smartlead offers unique IP servers for every campaign it sends out.
3. Sender Reputation Protection: Smartlead protects your sender reputation by auto-moving emails from spam folders to the primary inbox. This tool uses unique identifiers to cloak all warmup emails from being recognized by automation parsers.
4. Automated Warmup: Smartlead’s warmup functionality enhances your sender reputation and improves email deliverability by maintaining humanised email sending patterns and ramping up the sending volume.
How secure is my data with Smartlead?
Ensuring the security of your data is Smartlead's utmost priority. We implement robust encryption methods and stringent security measures to guarantee the continuous protection of your information. Your data's safety is paramount to us, and we are always dedicated to upholding the highest standards of security.
How can I get started with Smartlead?
Getting started with Smartlead is straightforward! Just head over to our sign-up page and follow our easy step-by-step guide. If you ever have any questions or need assistance, our round-the-clock support team is ready to help, standing by to provide you with any assistance you may require. Sign Up Now!
How can I reach the Smartlead team?
We're here to assist you! You can easily get in touch with our dedicated support team on chat. We strive to provide a response within 24 hours to address any inquiries or concerns you may have. You can also reach out to us at support@smartlead.ai




.jpg)

































































































































